How to provide competitors in educational gamification: The roles of competitor level and autonomous choice
作者：
Highlights：
• Autonomous choice of competitor level moderates the effect of competitor level on learning.
• The lower competitor level is more conducive to emotions and competence need when facing competitors passively.
• Autonomous choice is beneficial for emotions and competence need when competing with high-level competitors.
• The lower competitor level and autonomous choice both enhance autonomy need satisfaction and motivation.
• Autonomous choice of competitor level, rather than competitor level per se, improves learning performance.
摘要
•Autonomous choice of competitor level moderates the effect of competitor level on learning.•The lower competitor level is more conducive to emotions and competence need when facing competitors passively.•Autonomous choice is beneficial for emotions and competence need when competing with high-level competitors.•The lower competitor level and autonomous choice both enhance autonomy need satisfaction and motivation.•Autonomous choice of competitor level, rather than competitor level per se, improves learning performance.
论文关键词：Gamification,Competition,Competitor level,Autonomous choice
论文评审过程：Received 3 May 2022, Revised 26 August 2022, Accepted 29 August 2022, Available online 7 September 2022, Version of Record 19 September 2022.
论文官网地址：https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2022.107477
