Conceptual models and user interaction with computers

摘要

Conceptual models bridge the gap between a microcomputer system and the user's mental representation of that system. Too often, users of interactive devices, such as computers, acquire mental representations derived from poorly organized and misunderstood interaction with the microcomputer. Novices typically lack domain-specific schema. Providing instruction with a conceptual model can help the individual form mental structures to subsume information. A conceptual model is an instructional representation of a target system that will enable a learner to produce a mental representation. A consideration of conceptual models should play an important role in the design of instructional materials for interactive devices such as computers. The conceptual model must accurately reflect the target system as completely as possible. It must consider the characteristics of the learners and the target system. The instructional representations must be consistent within an effective conceptual model.Conceptual models can be provided to the learner as direct instruction, as part of training manuals, within introductory software, or as adjunct strategy training. The mental representations learners form as a result of conceptual model instruction provide stable structures that persist over time. The confidence that results from understanding the functions of a microcomputer enables users to successfully interact with computers.