Total carbon emissions minimization in connected and automated vehicle routing problem with speed variables
作者：
Highlights：
• A vehicle routing problem for low-carbon connected and automated vehicles is modeled.
• Carbon emissions and time-varying speeds in different grade roads are considered.
• To tackle the nonlinear of the model, the outer-approximate method is used.
• A hybrid particle swarm optimization method is proposed and validated.
• Some inspiring insights are obtained through numerical experiments.
摘要
•A vehicle routing problem for low-carbon connected and automated vehicles is modeled.•Carbon emissions and time-varying speeds in different grade roads are considered.•To tackle the nonlinear of the model, the outer-approximate method is used.•A hybrid particle swarm optimization method is proposed and validated.•Some inspiring insights are obtained through numerical experiments.
论文关键词：Carbon emission,Connected and automated vehicle,Vehicle routing problem,Speed variables,Particle swarm optimization
论文评审过程：Received 1 May 2020, Revised 14 August 2020, Accepted 19 August 2020, Available online 28 August 2020, Version of Record 12 September 2020.
论文官网地址：https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2020.113910
