Computational approaches to analogical reasoning: A comparative analysis

摘要

Analogical reasoning has a long history in artificial intelligence research, primarily because of its promise for the acquisition and effective use of knowledge. Defined as a representational mapping from a known “source” domain into a novel “target” domain, analogy provides a basic mechanism for effectively connecting a reasoner's past and present experience. Using a four-component process model of analogical reasoning, this paper reviews sixteen computational studies of analogy. These studies are organized chronologically within broadly defined task domains of automated deduction, problem solving and planning, natural language comprehension, and machine learning. Drawing on these detailed reviews, a comparative analysis of diverse contributions to basic analogy processes identifies recurrent problems for studies of analogy and common approaches to their solution. The paper concludes by arguing that computational studies of analogy are in a state of adolescence: looking to more mature research areas in artificial intelligence for robust accounts of basic reasoning processes and drawing upon a long tradition of research in other disciplines.