Manifolds of balance in planar ecological systems
作者：
Highlights：
• highlights
• A balance manifold separates growing and declining population densities.
• If both axial states have equal stability types, an interior state must exist.
• Conditions (some necessary) are given for the existence of a balance manifold.
• Intraspecific competition is not required for a balance manifold to exist.
摘要
highlights•A balance manifold separates growing and declining population densities.•If both axial states have equal stability types, an interior state must exist.•Conditions (some necessary) are given for the existence of a balance manifold.•Intraspecific competition is not required for a balance manifold to exist.
论文关键词：Kolmogorov system,Carrying simplex,Balance manifold,Heteroclinic orbit
论文评审过程：Received 16 November 2018, Revised 3 April 2019, Accepted 15 April 2019, Available online 28 April 2019, Version of Record 28 April 2019.
论文官网地址：https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amc.2019.04.047
